Harmony v Hate: The main event
Masykuri Bakri doesn’t fit the popular image of a moderate Muslim leader.
The Rector of the Islamic University in Malang (Unisma) is no wisecracking celebrity TV preacher
adding unity as an afterthought.
For stern Bakri interfaith tolerance is serious stuff.
He reads the Koran as a book of peace and inclusiveness, not an order to blast infidels.
When zealots hung banners on his East Java campus promoting the triumph of militant Islam
he ordered them ripped down and fundamentalist texts to be thrown out.
“There’s no room for radicals at Unisma,” he said. “This is a place of harmony.”
It’s a noun he loves, but harmoni seems at odds with an unsmiling administrator
running a tight academic institution.
Bakri, 51, only starts to relax after a clumsily worded question wrongly implies he’s polygamous.
His background, upbringing and career to date could have constructed a determined
advocate of Indonesia as a Sharia state, or at least follow Egypt and make minorities
so fearful they either convert or flee.
Instead he wants to “break down walls” between faiths. Critics get the flick:
“I just keep going. That’s my job. I’m not interested in politics, just peace, understanding and respect.”
Bakri is more than words. Earlier this year his university hosted the Deklarasi Malang Berdoa
(the Declaration of a prayer for Malang).
This was kampong musyawarah (community deliberation and consensus building) on an urban scale.
“We want Unisma to be an example that others can follow,” said Bakri who gave a strident
extempore speech evoking shared national values and a vision of togetherness
that brought frequent outbursts of applause from the 600-strong crowd, showing most were already converted.
The timing was important. Fears that some regional election candidates might play
the religious card shaped the event to head off hate.
It didn’t succeed beyond Malang.
Days later suicide bombers in Surabaya attacked churches, killing 28 and wounding 50.
In Central Sumatra police arrested alleged terrorists linked to Riau University.
Bakri remained undaunted: “We’re a multifaith nation; that has to be our way now and in the future.”
The Malang prayer was staged by an inter-faith committee backed by the Jawa Pos newspaper.
Prominent in the audience were Catholic nuns, and ethnic Chinese,
the standard target when the economy sours.
Curiously few Unisma students were present. Bakri said many were busy on other activities.
Unisma is a private university with 13,000 students.
It’s associated with the mass Islamic movement Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
once led by the late president Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur)
During his brief tenure (1999-2001) Wahid scrapped bans on Chinese language, names and faith.
Confucianism became a State-approved religion along with Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism and Buddhism.
All were represented on the Unisma stage plus kebatinan, the traditional Javanese belief system.
The government dubs this a cultural practice, refusing requests for higher recognition.
Bakri grew up in a hamlet outside Tuban on the north Java coast.
The city is famous for the 16th century grave of Sunan Bonang, one of the nine Walisongo mystics
who brought Islam to the archipelago.
“My parents couldn’t read or speak Indonesian,” Bakri said.
“We had no electricity. My farmer father was not religious though this was the heartland of Islam.
However I loved going to the mosque. It was the centre of the community.
Sometimes we kids slept there after sport and prayer.
“My mother was a strong advocate for education and insisted I study.
I got so enthusiastic as a child I wrote my name as Professor Doctor Masykuri.”
His learning has been confined to Islamic institutions in Java.
At a pesantren (boarding school) astronomer and cleric Hahfudz Anwar taught him that
science and faith can co-exist.
Bakri’s limited formal education perversely adds to his local credibility;
he’s shielded from the slur hurled at moderates who’ve studied overseas –
that they’ve lost touch with their roots and become corrupted by Western values.
He doesn’t have a PhD, doesn’t speak English and resides far from the intellectual hothouses
where competing ideas bloom and challenge.
His benign philosophy is traditional Javanese Islam rooted in backblock villages
where survival depends on mutual aid and tolerance.
He says his thinking is followed by most of NU’s 40 million members,
though often overlooked in the focus on a few extremists.
Bakri has written 18 books. Some are titled Quo Vadis? followed by ‘education’,
‘multiculturalism’ and other issues. The Latin means ‘Where are you going?’
but Christians use it to define the story of Peter’s supposed turning-point on meeting the resurrected Jesus.
Despite his literary output and claim to be a wide reader, the only Western author
Bakri recalled was Karl Marx.
He hasn’t opened the Bible and was scheduled for his first church visit in mid June.
Why not before? “I’ve never been invited till now.”
He supports the Islam Nusantara (Islam of the Archipelago) movement, which aims to develop
‘Indonesian as well as Islamic society.’ Its other goals are ‘improving the welfare of
lower classes of society, building democracy and fundamental justice, and expanding peace and non-violence throughout the world.’
lower classes of society, building democracy and fundamental justice, and expanding peace and non-violence throughout the world.’
“I’ve always believed spirituality and intellect must be combined to produce positive energy and the right environment,” Bakri said.
“Unisma students pray at the start and end of each lecture. “Prayer is like pedaling a bicycle – it helps you reach your goal. Spirituality can be interpreted as a source of motivation, respect for God and each other. We all need this whatever we believe, not confrontation.”
The Rector (Vice Chancellor in Commonwealth countries, President in US Universities)
has been to Mecca several times. He’s also made short visits abroad to build tertiary institution
links in South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.
links in South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.
Most interest has come from the Islamic Sultanate of Brunei.
“My dream is to become world class, an international and multicultural university,” he said.
Fine ambition, tough task. The nearby Ma Chung University opened in 2007; with 2,000
mostly ethnic Chinese students it’s already ahead of Unisma – born 1981 - on the Unirank website.
mostly ethnic Chinese students it’s already ahead of Unisma – born 1981 - on the Unirank website.
The heart of Bakri’s campus is not the library but the mosque.
Framed Koranic texts and wall inscriptions in Arabic dominate.
The study of Islam tops the list of ten faculties.
Orthodox Bakri hasn’t escaped his humble origins but given them provincial status.
Going further and drawing from disparate sources could threaten his base.
Yet despite the limitations and setbacks his focus remains.
“I’m very optimistic harmony can and will prevail,” he said firmly. “No doubts.”
First published in Inside Indonesia, 18 September 2018. See: http://www.insideindonesia.org/essay-harmony-versus-hate
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