Problems brewing in
coffee grounds
When the Tugu Hotel in Malang changed hands the manager
suddenly died and the new owner had to take over.
“I didn’t know anything,” said Dr Wedya Julianti. “I’d been trained as a doctor. I had to learn management very fast. It was a
stressful time.”
Whizz ahead two decades.
The boutique hotel is now one of the most prestigious in the East Java
city. The Tugu Group led by her husband,
lawyer Anhar Setjadibrata, has expanded into hotels in other cities and a
restaurant / art gallery in Menteng, Jakarta’s Embassy Row.
Recently added to the company portfolio is a coffee
plantation. History then recycled; the manager
died and Julianti (right) was again tossed into a business she knew little about.
“I questioned the people who’ve been working here for years
but whose opinions were never sought,” she said. “They were politely waiting to be told what
to do though they’re experienced. They became my teachers.”
The 850-hectare estate was
started in 1870 as the Babah Coffee Plantation.
Now known as Kawisari it’s in wild country west of Malang, above Wlingi
and close to Mount Kawi.
This is the mysterious mountain famed
as an alternative route to happiness, a weird mix of gravesites and temples,
theme parks and crass commercialism. It’s the Lotto Land where good fortune
comes – so they say - to the pious and patient.
The location seems to have been propitious for Julianti who
claims she has the only estate in the area not making a loss. That didn’t come from passive prayer for the
boss lady is no absentee landlord but a hands-on innovator and inquirer.
Neighbor plantations have been abandoned or bankrupted by
high costs and low returns, the bushes unfertilized, the ground untilled.
Her bleak observation was endorsed by Dr Zaenudin (left) , former director
of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center based in Jember, but now an
independent consultant.
“Sadly most government-funded research goes into crops like
rice and corn,” he said. “Yet coffee is
still an important part of the economy.”
Indeed. Indonesia
produces just over half a billion tonnes of beans a year. A third is consumed in the archipelago.
Coffee in all its forms is a staple of lifestyle mags featuring
photos of designer cups topped by decorated froth, the fashion for
sophisticates with time and money in abundance.
The idea is to link coffee with elites and so ramp prices, but
in reality most is drunk at roadside
stalls by everyday workers sipping kopi tubruk
in chipped glasses; the first part of the ritual isn’t debating aroma but
scraping grounds off the lip. The cost is usually around Rp 5,000 (US $0.40).
Even the nation’s thirst can’t keep the industry blooming for
this labor-intensive business resists mechanization – though Julianti has
introduced powered string-trimmers to replace sickles for weed control.
Inventors seeking a challenge more complex than driverless
cars should consider a bean harvester able to stride up and down slopes which
would defy goats while carrying 35 kilos of crop.
That’s largely done by skilled pickers who can feel which berries
are ripe; the women’s strength and cheerful resilience has impressed Julianti,
who like most urbanites had little idea of the back pains involved in getting
their daily heart-jolters.
She’s a one cup woman with no time for the heavily
advertised pre-mix sachets (only eight per cent coffee in some brands) plus
sugar, milk powder, ‘thickeners’ and even salt.
Julianti no longer practices medicine. Once she worked in public neurology wards
where every patient’s needs are different and watchfulness vital.
It’s an approach useful in handling coffee bushes which are
also susceptible to stress and disease, particularly leaf rot. The fungus attacks Arabica favored for high-end
coffees so the more resistant – but less desired – Robusta has been widely
planted. Now Arabica, (originally from
Ethiopia) is being reintroduced.
Kawisari is no place for picnickers. Though the views are a visual knockout, physical
concussion is a risk along the tortuous tracks shredded by artillery barrages
of rain. The old buildings are plain Dutch
functional. This is a work zone selling between 800 and 1,500 tonnes of beans a
year, depending on the weather.
Japfa, the giant Singapore-based food conglomerate is
building a monster dairy farm above the plantation, beheading hills and
re-shaping the topography with scores of diggers and bulldozers. Clearly the investors see future profits in white
drinks, not black.
The company plans to start milking 4,000 cows in March 2018
– generating 200 tonnes of waste daily, much of it liquid. Julianti said the developers have assured her
water quality downstream will not be affected but she still worries.
Apart from the environment and economics her main concern is
management.
“Change has to come slowly,” she said. “I now know that handling
human relations is the most complicated part of business. We have to work
together. If you look after your workers they’ll look after you.
“In the past the manager here was king. The staff (there’s 220 on the books – more
during harvest which opens mid-year) were just told what to do; all the under
managers were men.
“I’m gradually changing that hierarchy. Now we are quietly promoting competent women
and paying wages twice monthly to help with home budgeting.
“Fortunately I like learning. I want to know so I ask. And I get told because women find it easier
to talk to a woman. I’m very blessed.”
(
Threat from Vietnam
Croppers are price takers, not makers, and the deals are
done in mainland US where coffee is not grown commercially.
Beans are traded internationally like oil. Those making serious
money in the business are not farmers battling the elements but brokers
forecasting trends and trading futures contracts.
The world bean price jumps around like a frog which is why
some growers like Kawisari are roasting and retailing their own, charging Rp
70,000 for 250 grams of powder. That’s Rp
280,000 a kilo, or almost ten times the return from selling beans in bulk.
 |
| Most maintenance is done by hand. Growing coffee is a labor-intensive industry |
Indonesia is the world’s fourth largest producer behind
Brazil, Vietnam and Columbia; although a ‘cup of Java’ remains in British slang,
Indonesian coffee needs to be better branded according to Dr Wedya Julianti.
She wants Java coffee to be recognized at breakfast tables
everywhere as pure, clean, special and different.
“To boost our exports we must clearly identify our produce,”
she said. “The government in Vietnam is supporting its industry one hundred per
cent. (Vietnam’s output is twice that of Indonesia.)
“We are at risk of forgetting our history and losing almost
150 years of knowledge and skills. When
that’s gone it has gone forever.”
##
(First published in the Jakarta Post 24 August 2017
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