HENGKI HERWANTO

Highwayman blues                                        

When Hengki Herwanto weaves his fat four-wheel drive between dirt diggers down unfinished highways the music in his CD player is progressive rock.

Which is the right choice for the man in charge of building new toll roads in East Java. 

He might have selected Roger Miller’s King of the Road. But as he’s not an arrogant fellow and likes ballads, starting off with a bit of Willie Nelson’s On the Road Again sounds just right.

Completing his shift with the late John Denver’s Country Roads, Take me Home seems apt, even though the overloaded highways are close to gridlock, and driving a migraine-making test of nerves.

Jobs where staff can indulge their hobbies during work time without getting reprimands or worse are rare.  Though not if you’re director of Transmarga Jatim Pasuruan, a company in the giant PT Jasa Marga toll-road group and the duties include site inspections and long spells behind the wheel.

You may have heard of Hengki, or at least recognise his jolly features from his time as media spokesman for Jasa Marga.  Then he was discussing mega-million construction budgets and explaining why land acquisition problems are holding up road plans.

Now 56 he should have retired last year but has been kept on to push through some major projects, including extending the Surabaya-Malang highway.

What you probably don’t know is that the genial civil engineer is just nuts about music, despite being unable to play any instrument. Does this indicate a frustrated muso? After a four-beat pause and a backing track of chuckles: “Maybe.

“When I hear good music there’s something there that creates a new spirit in me. I love ballads, rock and country – every type has its own quality, but I prefer the music of the 70s and 80s.

“I’m still trying to understand gamelan. So much modern music is easily forgotten. Perhaps I’m just a romantic.”

If so he’s also practical. Four years ago Hengki and his old school mates who also live in a state of suspended adolescence, set up a library in a large rented house.  It holds more than 10,000 donated discs, cassettes and vinyl records.  Some, like their custodians, go back more than half a century.

A wall of honor recognises 70 local bands and performers.  Malang isn’t Tin Pan Alley but it has a large student population from across the Archipelago so Hengki thinks the chances of a local sound emerging are high given the right space.

“The United Nations’ headquarters is in New York,” he said, “so we have United Music in Malang with music from every country in the world.

“Here anyone can listen and be inspired by music they’ve not heard before.  We care about preserving the past.”

So caring that they are collecting donations to buy laminated sleeves for 50,000 unprotected vinyl records held in Solo by the Lokananta Studio.  The 57-year old company is State owned.

 “It’s not managed well and we’re worried about the collection,” said Hengki, showing photos of jumbled records in open wooden boxes. “A donation of just Rp 2,000 (US 20 cents) buys protection for one disc.”

Lokananta’s storage problems aren’t duplicated in the spacious Malang museum, though the volunteer organisers prefer to call it Galeri Malang Bernyanyi. The translation curiously suggests singing, but that’s not the intent.  “We thought young people might be put off by the word ‘museum’,” Hengki explained.

The walls are covered with framed posters of men with hairy armpits and outrageous make-up, thrusting their crotches and electric guitars.  The girls are leggy, though by overseas standards more sterile than seductive.

The East Java all girl mop-top pop band Dara Puspita is well featured, wholesome as Disney princesses. Tikkie, Takkie, Suzy and Lee (were those their real names?) toured Europe twice in the late 1960s and cut eight albums, 30 years ahead of the Spice Girls.

The memorabilia is marvellous, splendid posters from yesteryear that even now carry the enticement of a great night out despite the fading colors.

Hengki came from a military family but marched to a different drum from Dad.  For a while he worked a journalist for the music magazine Aktuil, which collapsed in 1978 after 254 editions.

In those heady days he followed the British heavy metal rock group Deep Purple and was present at their 1975 Jakarta concert.  Rolling Stone magazine reported 150,000 fans, 200 injured, and police with machine guns and Doberman dogs.   

Teendom is heady, but it doesn’t pay the bills. Hengki left a life of screaming kids for the roar of diesel engines.  “I went into engineering to help build Indonesia’s infrastructure,” he said.

Music can’t be borrowed from the gallery, though that policy may change. The immediate plan is to digitise and catalogue the cassettes that are most at risk. Plastic tapes stretch and magnetic oxide coatings flake.

The gallery won’t duplicate and sell recordings.  As many supporters are in the music industry they say they respect copyright. So far about 300 people have donated their private collections.

There’s a keyboard, recording equipment and electric guitars, including one painted with batik designs.  Musicians, including New Zealand gamelan players who toured Java and Bali in July, have dropped in.

Visitors sometimes run clinics for local talent. The gallery holds discussion groups and promotes events. 

“Dangdut is popular in the regions though not the big cities,” said Hengki.  “There’s too much Western influence, but we are developing indigenous styles.   Instruments like the angklung (bamboo tubes that are struck and shaken) and gamelan are distinctly Indonesian.

“The center for music is Jakarta. Most people seem to pick up trends through television promotion.  Radio doesn’t feature so much, like it does overseas.

 “Our vision is to maintain and promote Indonesian music, but also carry examples of music from other nations.

“Indonesia is internationally known for corruption.  That’s negative.  We want our country to be famous for its music.” Or as Hengki’s hero Iwan Fals, Indonesia’s Bob Dylan, sings: Salam Reformasi.

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First published in The Jakarta Post 27 August 2013

DR LYDIA KIEVEN - - REMEMBERING MAJAPAHIT

 No relief from vandals    

                             

When Dr Lydia Kieven returned to a small sanctuary high on East Java’s Mount Penanggungan she expected to be enchanted and awed yet again.

Instead she burst into tears. Vandals had hit the mid 15^th century shrine known as Candi Kendalisodo since her last visit and chiselled off part of a relief.  This showed Arjuna, one of the Pandawa brothers being tempted by Bimasuci in a tale from the Indian Mahabharata epic.

“I felt really hurt,” said the German art historian and cultural archaeologist.”It was like a blow to the stomach.  At the same time I wondered whether my work had highlighted the site and made others think it had value so could be exploited.  It’s an ethical question.”

At first blush such reasoning seems flawed. To know of the site’s importance requires any Philistine to be well-read and diligent. Dr Kieven’s specialized research is unlikely to be found by the average bookshop browser or Internet scavenger.

Then there’s the steep unposted track to the site, half a kilometer below the 1653 meter summit.  It takes more than two hours to climb from the foothills of Trawas so only the determined and hardy make the journey.  Some are pilgrims for there are signs of offerings; worshippers are unlikely to destroy what they revere.

Maybe unprincipled collectors have done their research and ordered parts to be plundered.

“I don’t know, but vandalism continues even now,” said Dr Kieven as she prepared for another hike to the site, this time to commemorate 100 days following the death of her friend Suryo Prawiroatmodjo, a pioneer conservationist and promoter of Majapahit history.  His ashes have been interred at Kendalisodo.

“A panel about a meter square dating from 1450 has also now gone to who knows where. What to do? No-one is going to sit up there watching for 24 hours a day. Sadly isolation is no protection.

“My approach is to help build knowledge, understanding and appreciation. That way people  may get to see the richness and importance of their history and become carers.”

She’s doing this by acting as a tour guide and lecturing, including at the Pusat Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH – environmental education center) on the slopes of Mt Penanggungan and started by Suryo. She has also helped run local cultural festivals.

She also plans to produce a shortened Indonesian version of her latest book – Following the figure with the cap – a new look at the religious function of East Javanese temples. This examines carvings depicting the indigenous stories of the East Java Prince Panji, whose adventures feature on many temple reliefs.

There are at least a dozen versions of his romance with Candrakirana (Princess Moonbeam). It’s the universal tale of handsome boy meets lovely girl; boy loses girl, boy finds girl again – though not till after he’s had a few affairs along the way.

Dr Kieven’s journey to become one of the world’s leading experts on East Java temple art started in a small village outside Cologne.  Gifted with curiosity, wanderlust and the ability to master languages she was desperate to explore beyond her “too tiny” town.

That had been the unfulfilled ambition of her grandfather and businessman father. They stayed in Germany, so Lydia lived their dream.

At first the goal was India. “I don’t know why,” she said.  “Maybe because someone brought me a toy elephant, or because I read 1001 Nights when I was around ten.”

Instead she studied mathematics and art history at university.  She failed the first but did well at the second, then became a tour guide in France.  A friend looking for a travel companion suggested Bali, “not India, but at least a little India”.

Suddenly all her wanderings became focussed. She avoided Kuta, headed for Ubud and saw a picture of Borobudur and its astonishing reliefs. 

“Now I knew what I wanted - and I wanted to come back. I also realized I had to study the language” 

Back home she took an MA in Indonesian language and literature, then to Yogyakarta to study at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM).  She now speaks Indonesian like a local, plays in the gamelan and can also wrap her dexterous tongue around Javanese.

Her tour guiding now took in Indonesia, giving her opportunities to stay and research when the Europeans headed home.  Her interest in the Panji stories led her to cultural historian Professor Adrian Vickers who supervised her PhD at Sydney University.

Mount Penanggungan is so rich in history that it probably deserves world heritage listing and protection.  There are at least 81 sites, including temple remains and bathing pools, like the popular and easily accessible Candi Jolotundo (below), built around 977.

Here visitors can walk through plastic trash, hear high volume pop music and see the latest graffiti carved on surrounding rocks.

But it would be wrong to blame all despoliation on young people who know not what they do, and whose school history lessons started at the 1945 Revolution.  The Dutch colonialists were wanton plunderers of precious artefacts, shipping some back to Holland, giving others to visiting dignitaries, or scattering statuary across the archipelago.

Dr Kieven found one of only two known three-dimensional figures wearing the curious half-moon shaped Panji Cap hidden in a Bandung library.

The Majapahit kingdom collapsed early in the 16^th century. The remnants fled to Bali and East Java’s Bromo highlands.

“I can’t write the final word on Panji,” said Dr Kieven who will soon return to teaching Southeast Asian Studies at Frankfurt’s Goethe University.  “I’m still trying to understand so much,

“My theory is that although Panji belongs to daily life he was also an aristocrat and pointing a way to the Tantric path (of Hindu meditation). 

“Now I want to write about Penataran (near Blitar and the largest Hindu temple complex in East Java built over 250 years). I hope I can apply my knowledge and give just a little help to lift self-esteem regarding Javanese history.  It’s my contribution against globalization and Arabization.”

(First published in The Jakarta Post, 19 August 2013

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JOMPET KUSWIDANANTO

                                                                          Finding freedom to express 

                                

Javanese artist Jompet Kuswidananto’s hand gets a good work out in his home town of Yogyakarta.

While walking through a preview of the spectacular Art / Jog Maritime Culture art exhibition at the city’s Taman Budaya (cultural center) it seemed that administrators, curators and – most importantly – overseas critics and buyers - all wanted a piece of the man.

Although the exhibition is supposed to have a marine theme it’s a mark of Jompet’s importance that organizers included one of his installations. 

I was Hamlet is based on the ideas of German post-modernist theater director Heiner Muller’s Hamletmachine. It features old and broken sound systems, symbols of the authoritarian New Order government that dictated Indonesians’ lives and thoughts for 32 years.  It might have been naughty once, but it’s not nautical.  

Successfully jostling for prominence in the crowded art world doesn’t appear to have infected Jompet with arrogance, the virus of fickle fame. 

“It seems the definition of ‘emerging young talent’ ends when the artist reaches 35,” he joked, shortly after returning from a residency in Vietnam.

“I’m almost 37 so that probably rules me out. Being an installation artist restricts my market, but fortunately my wife Inna Deshitta is an architect in Bali.

“Having a professional partner allows me time to explore. I’ve been going alone on my motorbike into quiet places to think. I hate to be in a routine.

“For the past four years I’ve been working with my ghost figures. Maybe it’s time for new directions. Sometimes I ask myself whether it’s all been over-discussed.”

Original talent and an attractive personality aren’t the only qualities that make the self-taught artist an ideal candidate for overseas support.  He doesn’t present like the stereotyped Indonesian bohemian, no red headband and dreadlocks, no reeking of kretek smoke.

Then there’s his fluent English and easy access to a lexicon describing, exploring and covering the canvas of abstract art with ease, making him a stimulating conversationist.

But the crunch factor is that Jompet used to inhabit the once dangerous territory of anti -Soeharto social commentary.  He’s passed though the rebel stage unscathed and earned his veteran’s stripes. 

Now he faces the curse of being mainstreamed, and the need to find the next big cause.

There’s no stand-out enemy.  Poverty and corruption, dirty politics and inequality are major foes, but amorphous.  All things perceived to be wrong once coalesced in a single bogey man - the nation’s second president.

“Are we free now? That’s the big question,” Jompet said. “It’s something I think about a lot.

“We thought we were after 1998 (the downfall of Soeharto), and able to reclaim our rights. Now we can all speak but no-one is listening because it’s so noisy.

“Today the cry is: ‘What is democracy?’  It’s a destination, not a journey. But we must not let it be defined by others.

“Democracy also provides a place for radicalism, which can create the downfall of democracy.  The state is now absent from our daily lives.  So we have to learn how to resolve our own problems, see them in different ways, and be creative.

“My topics are local, but I’m pretty sure they’re also public issues. Everyone has to question their world view because we’re no longer taught what to think. Not all are happy with this situation.” 

Underlying his point are stickers and T-shirts on sale in Yogya featuring the face of the smiling general who dominated the Republic’s politics for 32 years above the caption: Piyo kabare bro ...? Enak jamanku to .. (How are you, brother? My era was good, eh…)

The son of a farmer, Jompet grew up in a Yogya kampung, played protest music on guitar and joined a theater club.  At Yogya’s Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) he studied communications and experimented with music and art, laced with anti-government action.

“We read underground news from overseas,” he said. “We already realised something was wrong with the State. I threw stones at the police, but fortunately wasn’t arrested.”

He read widely and was inspired by the work of the Cypriot-Australian performance artist Stelarc who famously proclaimed that ‘the human body is obsolete’ before taking on an academic career.

In 2003 Jompet’s work appeared overseas in a Seoul group exhibition.  It was followed by displays in Shanghai, Mumbai, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Africa.  His first solo show was in Yogya in 2008.

The same year Jompet was noticed when Java’s Machine: Phantasmagoria was shown at the Yokohama Triennale. It featured images of body-less Yogya kraton guards as the interface of competing cultures and the ‘war against homogenization.’

For the past five years Jompet has commuted between Yogya and Bali where his wife was practising, but there are no maidens-in-paddy influences in his work.

During the last Southern Hemisphere summer his installation The Commoners, along with works by Eko Nugroho, another Yogya artist, dominated the foyer of the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne. 

The catalogue said: ‘As a pairing, they shine light on the effervescent contemporary Indonesian art scene and present a wide-ranging, yet precise snapshot of this world’.

Jompet’s major work featured ranks of ‘ghost figures’ made substantial only by boots, hats and tools.  Occasionally they beat drums and waved flags.

Like his work in Art / Jog, a buyer would need a large and lofty lounge to accommodate the installation – though Jompet is prepared to make smaller, more compact versions.

The Melbourne exhibit was acquired by the NGV whose director Tony Ellwood has been in Yogya with a chequebook.  In the past 11 months the gallery has bought seven contemporary Indonesian pieces to boost its collection of 196 works from the archipelago, though many are batik and puppets.

“There are now local buyers - not all interest is from overseas,” said Jompet. “It’s a more critical market. I’m optimistic about the future of contemporary art in Indonesia.  This exhibition (Art /Jog) proves it.”

First published in The Jakarta Post 13 August 2013

RELAX ON NZ's MOUNT DOOM

    Snow season is no season for indoors    

    

             

Mount Ruapehu is set to erupt.

Not with major ash storms and larva flow – that last happened in 2007, though there have been several alerts since on New Zealand’s most active volcano. 

The expected eruption is the opening of the ski season, probably at the end of this month (June).  That’s when thousands from NZ and around the world start arriving to try out the country’s two major ski zones covering 64 separate fields.

When The Sunday Post visited in mid June the car parks were empty. Ski-lift staff were greasing wheels and checking cables.  Meanwhile their colleagues were studying weather maps, ready to fire up snow-making machines should the right stuff not come in quantity to soften the summit.

Like most outdoor sports skiing depends on the weather. This year the winter, following a dry fall, has been unusually mild and late.  The situation is better in the South Island where enough snow has already settled on the higher Southern Alps for some ski fields to open.

But they are not Ruapehu, the South Pacific island’s most active volcano with three major peaks – the highest 2,797 meters.  They were used in Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings film trilogy as the fictional Mount Doom.

By Indonesian standards Ruapehu is just a bump compared to Puncak Jaya in West Papua at 4884 meters, a mountain with snow and glaciers, though these are reported to be retreating so fast they’ll be gone by 2015.

The highest point in Java is Mount Semeru near Malang.  It towers 879 meters above Ruapehu, its snow free peak often chugging smoke like an old steam train.

By contrast Ruapehu still looks like a cake topped with icing, even in summer when the best views are from the Desert Road on the mountain’s eastern flank.

In 2008 hundreds of skiers and staff were trapped overnight on the mountain when a sudden violent turn in the weather closed the road. 

An eruption a year earlier closed roads and emptied ski lodges, but all was well as the lahar flowed as forecast.  That wasn’t the case in 1953 when a crater lake emptied and lahar swept away a railway bridge as an express train approached. The death toll was 151.

It’s clear (or not so clear) why the mountain can be so unpredictable.  At one moment it was easy to see for kilometers, even down to the magnificent Chateau Tongariro hotel on the lowlands (left)  Blink and it disappeared.

Chateau was built in 1929 before the Great Depression struck and reflects the hopeful opulence of the period between the two world wars. A Malaysian company owns the 115- room hotel.

There are disputes over the meaning of the mountain’s name which may refer to a pair of explosions, or a beautiful, though faithless woman in Maori legends – perhaps an attempt to explain Ruapehu’s fickle behavior

Standing in the center of NZ’s North Island the ski fields depend on their popularity for the same factor that drives real estate sales – location.  It takes less than five hours to reach Ohakune, the town nearest the summit, from Auckland, the nation’s biggest city. Wellington, the capital is even closer. Both link by rail.

Some bus trips are available but best use a hire car to enjoy stunning scenery and see more sheep than people.

Ohakune was originally best known for its horticulture, particularly carrots that thrive in the cool climate and well-drained soils.  A kitsch memorial to the vegetable greets visitors, but other symbols are more sober and in keeping with the majestic landscape.

More recently Ohakune has become the service center for skiers and visitors. Pros don’t dominate - there’s plenty to excite those whose only interest is lobbing snowballs – an activity that always seems to excite Indonesians.

However if you’re serious about snow don’t forget to pack a plump wallet to cushion the shocks.  Lessons start at NZ $60 (Rp 460,000) while an all-day pass on the ski lifts rises to NZ $97 (Rp 750,000).

Ohakune sits on the southern side of the world-heritage listed Tongariro National Park that includes Ruapehu.  Although it’s almost 20 kilometers from the nearest ski lift at Turoa and a further 30 to the bigger skifield at Whakapapa, the town is often described as a base camp.

That term suggests unshaven campers shivering under goatskins. Wrong. The only things trembling are the over-stretched credit card terminals.

The town stores sell everything fashion conscious snow bunnies might need, from luminous outer gear to accessories like reflective goggles and global positioning systems.

Should you vanish under an avalanche you can transmit a precise location and still look chic when rescued.

Accommodation goes from bunks in dormitories full of sweaty backpackers to centrally heated boutique hotels where the tariff can match the altitude.

There are even cafes at the ski lifts to accommodate the competent and the curious; you don’t need frostbite to get service.  For those who shun softness in the search for real character challenges, there’s the Tongariro Alpine Crossing, a 25-kilometer trek that’s becoming the must-do adventure for foreign visitors.

Hotels trying to keep trading when the ski season ends in October now offer packages where walkers are bussed to the start of the crossing – then picked up later at the far end.

The crossing was closed last year when a small eruption showered the track with ash and rocks, fortunately not hitting trampers. 

For those more interested in history and the natural sciences than making a fool of themselves on the slopes there are riches for free. 

The Department of Conservation runs a splendid mini-museum and information center at Whakapapa covering everything from rock types thrown out of an angry volcano through to changing fashions in the snow.

(First published in The Sunday Post, 4 August 2013)

THE MAN AT THE TOP OF THE TOP

The war UGM has to win                                        

Next month (August) along with millions of other Indonesians, Pratikno will return to his roots in the mudik ritual that concludes the Ramadhan fasting month.

In Dolok Gede, an isolated village west of Surabaya, he’ll pay respects to his relatives, catch up with old friends and neighbors, and bring news from the outside world. 

In Pratikno’s case it’s a local-lad-makes-good classic. Once he worked picking worms from tobacco leaves. Now his hands mould future generations of the nation’s best and brightest.

He’s rocketed from dirt floor cottage to panelled executive suite, a stellar journey. Yet his conscience remains troubled.

“I feel guilty because others may not have the same chances,” he said. “I experienced the equality of poverty and broke through.  Now the barrier is the inequality of prosperity.”

Last year political scientist Professor Pratikno was elected Rector of Yogyakarta’s internationally renowned Universitas Gadjah Mada.  This year he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Adelaide’s Flinders University. Next year he may reprise his 2009 performance as TV moderator for the presidential candidates’ national debate.

So how does a boy whose family had little money and less influence scale the academic summit?  Having schoolteacher parents committed to learning was critical.

“Unlike our neighbors we had no land and no stock,” he said. “There was only one way out – through education.”

That was limited. Classes with 13 kids were in a joglo (traditional wall-free building) with no place for books. So they were stored in the family home of knowledge-famished Pratikno. 

Despite decades of reading texts and writing theses he still recalls a short story called Nimba air, mandi sendiri.  It was about a child drawing water from a well to wash alone. 

“We didn’t even have a well in our house,” he said, “Electricity wasn’t connected until I was studying for my PhD. My father hoped I’d return home to teach – but I wanted to keep going.”

Skip the years of boarding alone far from family, selling books with Chinese friends to make ends meet, excelling in maths, winning scholarships, studying overseas – at first in Britain then Australia.

Later setting up an NGO, the Asosiasi untuk Demokrasi dan Kesejahteraan Sosial (Association for Democracy and Social Welfare), pushing for transparency and accountability in politics and public administration.

Now the question: This man has lived struggle. For him it’s not a political slogan. So how will Professor Pratikno, 51, improve Indonesia’s oldest and largest public university and the lives of its 54,000 students?

“In the past student selection was biased towards candidates from Western Indonesia, urban areas and elite families,” he said.  “This is changing. Fortunately gender bias has gone; 55 per cent are women and they’re our top students.

“I’m worried about ensuring the bright poor from remote areas have entry.  We tried affirmative action.  It failed. We need other solutions.

“At UGM I want an egalitarian campus, a closeness between professors and students. We’re promoting an inter-disciplinary approach so students are mixed in different faculties and better facilities.

“The learning environment should be quiet and humble – there’s no place for arrogance.  Yogya is friendly, particularly when compared with Jakarta.  We are multicultural.

“On their first day a student should find a friend from another faculty and religion. We are building a dormitory where the boarders will be from all faiths. We must promote tolerance.”

That may not be so easy. Last year, Pratikno’s predecessor banned a book discussion by Canadian liberal Muslim Irshad Manji following threats from fundamentalists.

More recently Professor Pratikno ignored the advice of his security section and allowed a debate on West Papua.  Violence followed.

 “Today’s student generation is so much better than in the past,” he said. “They are clever, ambitious and much more confident.

“Yet student organizations can be training grounds for radicals. I tell my staff that in the contest of ideas we are competing with other ways of thinking.

“It will be ridiculous if we fail when we have the capacity to make our values acceptable. This is our challenge. We have to win this war.”

UGM wants to attract overseas students. Australia is encouraging young people to study in Asia to build regional knowledge.  It should be a win-win.  However Indonesian study visas are hard to obtain, another example of the gap between initiators and bureaucrats.

UGM is a major research university and Professor Pratikno wants more partnerships with industry, to ensure practical developments of campus scholars’ work.  Like Jakarta transport ticketing systems, new batik dyes, landslip alerts and flexible timbers for earthquake zone homes.

In other areas there’ll be an emphasis on publishing academic papers, marketing expertise and patenting inventions.

As part of UGM’s role in society it will send a ‘White Paper’ to presidential candidates asking questions about their vision for Indonesia.  “It will be an invitation with empathy,” said Professor Pratikno.

“UGM is the most neutral place to debate national issues and bring people together on serious matters like governance and corruption. 

“We are not seeing consistency in Indonesian political leadership. Academics, scientists and technologists have been excluded from the decision making – that has to change.  Too many departments operate apart and don’t coordinate.

“Indonesia has made a peaceful transition to democracy.  We are not Egypt.  But we still have a problem at the local level where there’s sometimes violence and a refusal to accept the democratic process.

 “How can we optimize our knowledge?” he asked. “How can we link not just with business but also with ordinary people, to help improve their lives, pioneering new ways of using technology?  Hi tech, but high touch.”

Emphasising the need for cross disciplinary approach is the promise of geo-thermal technology using the nation’s natural resources.  This is being hampered not by failings of science but community resistance and political divisions.

“We have the expertise to confront these challenges,” Professor Pratikno said.  “I see UGM as a tree offering shade and fruits to benefit all.”

And deep roots, right down to Dolok Gede.

(First published in The Jakarta Post 29 July 13)

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“

DIY PRISON REFORM

 Getting to half way - alone    

(from left) Andreas, Yohana, Yohanes Raharjo, Kelvin Boys, Mohammad Umar and Yonas outside the rumah singgah.

                                             

This month’s (July) spectacular breakout of terrorists from an overcrowded Medan jail highlights the need for prison reform. In East Java ex-convicts are doing it their way.  Duncan Graham reports from Malang:

The initiator of a daring social experiment to help former prisoners reintegrate into society, wants his muscular compassion model taken up in all provinces.

Next month (August), prison chaplain Andreas Nurmandala Sutiono, 56, heads to Kalimantan  to help establish another rumah singgah (half-way house) based on a successful venture in Malang.

Embedded in a kampong and run by the residents, it’s believed to be the only place of its type in Java outside one in Jakarta. 

Andreas (pictured below) said he’s not asking for government handouts.  “This has to be done by, for and with former prisoners,” he said. “We have to help ourselves.”

Long before he became a Protestant minister he was irreligious, addicted to gambling, consulting mountain seers for the right numbers in illegal lotteries. 

Like many addicts he ‘borrowed’ money, reasoning he’d repay when the numbers matched.  The sum was Rp 200 million (US$20,000) and the victim a tapioca processing factory in Lampung where Andreas worked in the finance section.

The rest of the story is depressingly predictable.  Wrong number, cash gone, jail for a year.  He was 31, married with two small children.

“I was lucky that my wife and family supported me,” he said.  “I learned so much in prison.  It’s a place where the barriers of religion don’t count for much.  When I got out I decided to help those I’d met.”

He studied for the ministry and by chance discovered a talent for cooking, particularly bakso (meat ball soup), and growing vegetables.  He’s now licensed to visit jails around the country to promote rehabilitation programs, particularly raising organic produce.

In this role he said he’d advised Australian drug smuggler Schapelle Corby in Bali’s  Kerobokan  prison,  and celebrity politician Angelina Sondah,  jailed for corruption.

The State provides some support for drug users’ rehabilitation – but that’s all, according to Andreas.  Half-way houses started overseas last century, some by penal reformers, others by governments trying to contain penitentiary costs.

Despite having no knowledge of such trends, Andreas understood the need. He persuaded a Surabayan man who’d also been behind bars to donate Rp 10 million (US$1,000).

Some was used to buy simple food-processing equipment.  Then the NIMBY (not in my back yard) effect struck.

“It was difficult,” Andreas said.  “The locals didn’t want ex-prisoners in their area.  But the community leader supported me and we kept talking.

“It helped that our people cleaned up the area. Some attend the mosque and are seen as polite and pious. We have an open house – anyone can come in and see what we’re doing. I’m here to help, not convert.”

A Muslim neighbor Yohana agreed to rent a tiny four-room cottage for Rp 3 million (US$ 300) a year.  That was three years ago.  Numbers fluctuate – but currently 13 men are using the facility. The experiment is now established and appears to be accepted.

At dawn mattresses are rolled up and the house becomes a small food factory.  Dough is turned into durian and orange-flavored noodles using fresh fruit.

Cooked meals are delivered to a local school and other bulk buyers. About ten kilograms of noodles are sold most days under the brand Mie Otaki, a boil-down of the words organik tanpa kimia (organic without chemicals).

 “Citizens don’t want to know about prisoners and have fixed opinions,” Andreas said.  “They change their minds once I take them inside jails.  The churches could do a lot more to help.”

Yohanes Raharjo, 46, (right)  used to be showroom motorcycle salesman before he took some of his employer’s cash.  After a year inside he re-entered the world with little chance of picking up his old career.

Andreas taught him noodle-making,  which he now does with easy skill hunched over an electric rolling and cutting machine, training others so they can find work.

Apart from his reintegration program, Andreas is also campaigning to save convicted murderers Ruben Sombo, 72, and his son Markus, 40, from firing squads.  The chaplain opposes capital punishment and believes the men are innocent.

  “Many ministers are good people preaching to good people – that’s easy,” he said. “Going from bad to good – that’s hard.”

(First published in The Sunday Post 28 July 2013)

CAN INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA EVER SHARE THE SAME BED?

Let’s just get over it                                                               

Australia and Japan have been mightily abusing each other.  The slander has been offensive, strident and public.

The issue involves trade and traditions, sovereign rights and national identity – volatile ingredients where one spark can ignite major international incidents.

Yet no credible observer has suggested the nasty accusations made by both sides in the International Court of Justice over Australia’s bid to stop Japanese whalers will lead to conflict.  Expect nothing more serious than harsh newspaper editorials.

There’ll be no greasing of M 16s. We’ll buy Toyotas; they’ll eat Queensland beef cooked with Pilbara gas. They’ll cuddle koalas and our love of sushi will be unstoppable.

This is what ‘mature relationships’ means.  Like a good cross-cultural marriage we can disagree and speak truths, but still share the same bed provided there’s mutual respect.

Will such a happy union ever exist between Australia and Indonesia? Not without some radical changes in both countries’ behaviour.

 Indonesia Country Strategy- Towards 2025 released by PM Kevin Rudd in Jakarta this month (July) glows with feel-good jargon and happy snaps of diplomats in batik.

The Strategy tells us that there are lots of Indonesians; they’re young, have cash and live nearby.  Also they use Facebook and Twitter. 

Important had Indonesia invented the technology, but mall rats rating boyfriends on smartphones is awesomely insignificant – though teens would disagree.

Commented The Jakarta Post editor Meidyatama Suryodiningrat: ‘the report often feels like a quick list of remedies that do little to address fundamental problems that will colour the relationship’. 

Of course we should get to know each other better.  What’s the problem? Here’s the Strategy’s mixed metaphor answer, highlighting why the issues are too important to be left to officials:

‘The challenge for governments will be to strengthen our bilateral architecture by deepening people-to-people engagement.’  

Mocking this thin document, pock-marked with platitudes, is easy, but detracts from a few fine advances.  Like the BRIDGE inter-school project (backed by private enterprise), and the Australian Consortium for In-Country Indonesian Studies programme, driven by independent academics.

Things the Strategy daringly says needs changing, like easier visa access and tempered travel warnings, could have been done years ago with a quick pen-flick.  The need has long been obvious.

‘Seeking to improve’ and ‘work to ensure’ are just wallpaper words covering a policy of hypocrisy and distrust.

We, the wong kecil, the ordinary folk not involved in trade and security, want closer friendships rooted in mutual understanding, not appeasement and bland talk – what Indonesians call basa-basi. 

We treasure being blunt. ‘Just get over it’ and ‘grow up’ are common responses when individuals clash, but know deep-down they have to co-exist.  It’s a trait with merits.

Here are some of the rocks the Strategy avoids, even while saying cultural differences need to be acknowledged.

Australians who don’t appreciate the iron grip on their neighbour’s psyche of the Unitary State, and the pride in a bloody revolution that overthrew a colonial power, will be forever doomed to misunderstand Indonesia.

Likewise Indonesians who don’t know there’s a primal fear in our DNA. It’s of descending Asian hordes, plus guilt over European boat people seizing a continent after violently dispossessing the locals. 

That’s why we let US marines use Darwin – something not mentioned in the Strategy.  Imagine a Chinese base in Kupang – a friendship gesture?

Indonesia is labelled secular, but reality is otherwise. Not all Indonesian Muslims, or Australian Christians, are moderate.  A few will say, and occasionally do, dangerous things, as in Northern Ireland. 

View in proportion and share the outrage.  Have we stopped going to Boston because it harboured mad bombers?

A functioning democracy has a robust media.  Indonesia’s press is the most free in Southeast Asia – check the anaemic Singaporean newspapers to prove the point.

Many comments will offend prickly nationalists overdosing on patriotism – Samuel Johnson’s ‘last refuge of the scoundrel’. Freedom of expression isn’t just for us – they have equal rights to sledge.

If Indonesians don’t like our simplistic views of the way they do things, then offer alternatives, like graft-free projects, altruistic politicians, and respect for the rule of law.

If we don’t want to be seen as godless, arrogant Kuta cowboys, then the solution is in our hands.

Wicked tests loom: Brain-dead Australians will get caught with drugs.  Indonesia does its laws, its way. We won’t like the penalties.   Too bad.

We’ll give sanctuary to West Papua separatists and promote their cause. Indonesians will be outraged.  Stiff cheese.

The Strategy quotes Indonesian students in Australia citing the proverb; ‘If we don’t know you, we don’t care about you.’ Check Indonesian driver behaviour for the truth of that adage.

But that’s not us. Our Judaeo-Christian heritage has given us opposite values of which we should not be ashamed.

 Which is why we agitate for the human rights of West Papuans.  If the students haven’t learned this, then they should ask for their money back.

Politicians everywhere claim probity and wisdom.  Then they speak and we learn otherwise.  Anticipate goading on either side of the Arafura Sea ahead of elections in both nations.  Treat trash as trash, delivered for venal purposes, and move on.

In 1998 Indonesians threw out a dictator and took on democracy.  It was one of history’s most impressive transitions of power, achieved without outside help and little bloodshed. 

Had it all gone wrong (consider Egypt and Syria) we might have been so flooded with refugees that Australia would now be South Java.

The Strategy says Indonesia is strong, confident and mature.  So why continue aid? We’ve just trashed $100 million on a failed replanting project in Kalimantan’s peat bogs, money better spent on scholarships. More than 10,000 have been given – fantastic.   Add a couple more zeros for real impact.

Don’t anticipate an Australia Country Strategy coming from Jakarta, one city with more than half our continent’s population. Former President BJ Habibie once allegedly described neighbour Singapore as ‘just a little red dot’ on the map. If so, then we’re just an ochre blob.

(First published in On Line Opinion, 15 July 2013)

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